Folktale StoriesFolkestone Magistrates CourtListen to folk music radio for free online with unlimited skips. Choose a station and hear the best new and classic folk on the Internet. Listen today! Folk definition, Usually, folks. (used with a plural verb) people in general: Folks say there wasn't much rain last summer. See more. Description, History, & Facts. John Playford and the preservation of dance. As early as the 1. Typically, country dances are characterized by “longways” formations, in which facing rows of couples walk or skip briskly through maneuvers, instructed by a caller. The 1. 7th- century English music publisher and bookseller John Playford edited and published as many as 9. The English Dancing Master. The first was published in 1. His work was carried on after his death by his son Henry through the 1. The Dancing Master. The Playford dances are still consulted, especially in the United Kingdom and the United States. Those dances, which were transmitted from person to person before being published, have been preserved in the same form through many generations. The publication allowed a different sort of dancer—a city office worker, perhaps—to perform country dances of another time and place. Questions of whether such dances are folk dances and whether modern groups performing them are folk dancers remain a matter of controversy. But most contemporary groups who dance the country dances consider themselves to be folk dancers and the dances to be folk dances. The late 1. 8th and 1. Europe and the Americas. It was a time of intellectual and artistic efflorescence: the Enlightenment, the Industrial Revolution, Nationalism, and Romanticism. People increasingly depended upon the written word to record and convey ideas. Literacy defined a class of people, often even more than family pedigree. Literate persons usually lived in urban areas, a demographic fact that led to the perception of rural people as belonging to a lower class than those from urban areas. At the same time, the complications of urban life made the perceived simplicity of the country attractive. Johann Gottfried von Herder and the idea of the folk. Folkd.com - Social Bookmarking - Save your bookmarks and links online and search what your friends like. Folk Alliance International, 509 Delaware St #101, Kansas City MO 64105 • 816-221-FOLK (3655) • [email protected]. · See also: folk. Contents. 1 Faroese. 1.1 Etymology; 1.2 Pronunciation; 1.3 Noun. 1.3.1 Declension; 2 Icelandic. 2.1 Etymology; 2.2 Pronunciation; 2.3 Noun. The late 1. 8th- century German critic, theologian, and philosopher Johann Gottfried von Herder was apparently the first to use the word folk (in German, as Volk) in print. Herder recorded and analyzed Germanic languages at a time when Germany was beginning to emerge as an identifiable political entity from a collection of principalities and city- states. Herder, who was particularly interested in traditional song texts, published collections of old songs from many parts of the world. In his research he discovered many traditional Germanic songs, tales, and customs transmitted by ordinary people who lived customary lifestyles. They were Herder’s Volk. Herder collected folk traditions, including folk dances, to prevent their loss and to encourage nationalistic pride. Into the 1. 9th century, throughout Europe, more and more agrarian workers emigrated from the farms and small towns to find employment in the new factories of the cities. Those people who still pursued an agrarian lifestyle, often bereft of formal education, were dismissed by the literate as backward, even inferior “folk.” Yet as they seemed in danger of extinction, they became viewed with nostalgia, especially by Romantics in Germany and elsewhere. Their way of life seemed simpler and unspoiled. Collecting the remembered traditions of the folk became a popular and respected activity. One consequence was the forming of an image of the happy peasant. Painters, writers, musicians, and choreographers portrayed this character in their arts. Musicians wrote “dances” that were not danced. Dance academies often adopted particular movements and whole dances from the idealized folk. In classical ballet, examples are the pas de basque [“Basque step”] and tour de basque [“Basque turn”], adapted from the steps of Basque dances from the Pyrenees.)William John Thoms and folkloristics. The English antiquarian William John Thoms (using the pseudonym Ambrose Merton) coined the English word folklore in August 1. The Athenaeum. Four years later, his pride as inventor of the term was restated in Notes and Queries, a weekly publication that he founded in 1. Both publications began to accept submissions relating to the preservation of folklore. It is clear from discussions in his periodical that Thoms did not mean anything more specific by folk than “people of older times.”Two dance games are mentioned repeatedly by the magazine’s correspondents in the 1. London Bridge Is Broken Down,” for children, and the “Cushion Dance,” for adults. The first may be related to London Bridge, a round- dance game that in its various forms (including “London Bridge Is Falling Down”) continued to be played by children in the early 2. The second is a round- dance kissing game in which a solo dancer carries a cushion into the center of a circle of other dancers while they all sing a song. At the end of the song, the solo dancer drops the cushion in front of someone of the opposite sex; the chosen person kneels on the cushion and is kissed by the soloist. The kissed person becomes the soloist, and the previous soloist joins the circle. The action repeats until everyone has been kissed and has danced in the centre. The cushion dance was done at weddings and seems to have been popular in England and Germany. The correspondents to Notes and Queries, in what was a 1. Since the magazine’s beginning, “old- time” dances have been discussed often—dancing games, contra dances, quadrilles, jigs, reels, and so forth. The occasions for dancing, such as Christmas, weddings, and balls, are also mentioned, but the performers are not. The magazine has played an important part in preserving accounts of old dances. The study of folklore and its variants quickly took hold in scholarly circles in Great Britain and the United States. The term folklore soon acquired a formal discipline of theories and methods for research as well as a forum for the exchange of information and ideas. The discipline was called folkloristics. By 1. 87. 8 the Folklore Society had been founded in England. In 1. 88. 8 the American Folklore Society was founded and began to publish the Journal of American Folklore. By 1. 89. 0 the Folklore Society in England had begun publishing its peer- reviewed journal, Folk- lore. Both societies and their journals were still operating in the 2. By the end of the 1. The 1. 9th- century Polish collector Oskar Kolberg, for example, had published nearly 7. Polish folk dancing; he is but one of dozens of scholars, antiquarians, and visionaries who have a place in the annals of early folk dance scholarship. Following the collectors were revival movements, folk dance societies, museums, and archives.
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